A view of reality that limits the possibilities to two ways of seeing it, as contrasted to “both/and” or “multiple/and” views.

The fifth D of an Appreciative Inquiry, during which people innovate and improvise ways to create the preferred future by continuously improvising and building AI competencies into the culture. It also includes noticing and celebrating successes that are moving the system toward the preferred future the organization or group co-created.

Also known as social architecture or socio-technical architecture; those aspects of the organization that need to be re-Designed in order for the Dreams or Provocative Propositions to be realized: e.g., attitudes, processes, and/or structures.

The fourth D of an Appreciative Inquiry, during which people innovate and improvise ways to create their preferred future.

The third D of an Appreciative Inquiry, during which people create shared images of a preferred future; typically involves a visual image and a word image.

The second D of an Appreciative Inquiry; a two-part phase that includes inquiring into exceptionally positive moments, and sharing the stories and identifying life-giving forces.

The first D of an Appreciative Inquiry, during which the overall focus of an inquiry is determined, i.e., a positive topic that is important to the organization or group.

The traditional problem-solving approach to change.

Complexity science is not a single theory; rather it encompasses more than one theoretical framework and is highly interdisciplinary, seeking the answers to some fundamental questions about living, adaptable, changeable systems.

During an Appreciative Inquiry, individuals are asked to make a commitment (an action that can easily be taken by an individual, without a commitment from others), offers (a “gift,” for instance, access to a resource that he or she controls), and requests (what one person or group needs from another person or group) in order to realize the provocative proposition.